International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) examines the atmospheric chemistry issues facing society. Its overall objective is to understand the role of atmospheric chemistry in the Earth System and to determine the effects of changing regional emissions and depositions, long-range transport and chemical transformations on air quality. http://www.igac.noaa.gov/

Integrated Land Ecosystem-Atmosphere Processes Study (iLEAPS) deals with the transport and transformation processes at the land-atmosphere interface, looking at interactions and feedbacks from local to global scales, and from the past to the future. iLEAPS examines how the land-atmosphere interface functioned prior to the industrial revolution, how human activities are affecting this interface, and the extent to which terrestrial vegetation determines the physical and chemical environment on different scales. http://www.ileaps.org/

Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) aims to understand and predict how the ocean responds to accelerating global change. It also investigates the consequent effects on the Earth System and human society. http://www.imber.info/

Global marine ecosystems constitute a critical component of the Earth System. The Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics –GLOBEC- Project studies how global change will affect the abundance, diversity and productivity of marine populations. GLOBEC is working in close collaboration with IMBER to create a thorough understanding of ocean ecosystems and biogeochemistry. http://www.globec.org/

Since 1993, the Land–Ocean Interactions in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) project has studied the key role that the coastal zone plays in the Earth System functioning, being the interface where land, ocean and atmosphere meet and interact. LOICZ focus on the fluxes of materials from river catchments to the coastal shelf margins. http://www.loicz.org/

Intensification and diversification of land use and advances in technology have led to rapid changes in biogeochemical cycles, hydrological processes and the dynamics of landscapes.The goal of the Global Land Project (GLP) is to measure, model and understand the coupled human-environmental system. http://www.globallandproject.org

The overarching goal of AIMES (Analysis, Integration and Modelling of the Earth system) is to integrate models and observations to help us understand the natural Earth System dynamics on which current anthropogenic perturbations are superimposed, and the complex feedback processes between human activities and the natural environment. http://www.aimes.ucar.edu/

The overarching goal of AIMES is to understand and quantify the influence of human choice on environmental change and the many subsequent feedbacks and linkages between human activities and the natural environment. http://www.pages.unibe.ch/