SCOR Working Groups

Chairs: Rachel Shelley (UK), Douglas Hamilton (USA), Morgane Perron (France)

Other Full Members: Hind Al-Abadleh (Canada), Peter Croot (Ireland), Diego Gaiero (Argentina), Cassandra Gaston (USA), Akinori Ito (Japan), Ashwini Kumar (India), Ying Ye (Germany)

Associate Members: Alex Baker (UK), Andrew Bowie (Australia), Suzanne Fietz (South Africa), Cecile Guieu (France), Tung-Yuan Ho (Taiwan), Nicholas Meskhidze (USA), Yeala Shaked (Israel), Mingjin Tang (China), Holly Winton (New Zealand), Andrew Wozniak (USA)

Terms of Reference

1. With a primary focus on Fe, review the past three decades of literature to identify knowledge gaps in relating the physicochemical properties of aerosol micronutrients with their solubility and bioavailability in the ocean. Synthesise data collected into: (1) an open access peer-reviewed research directions manuscript, providing guidance for future research; and (2) a database of soluble aerosol Fe measurements, providing a consistent constraint for models and a spatiotemporal focus for where new observations are most needed.
   
   
2. Incorporate the results of the ongoing aerosol TE intercomparison to: (1) recommend a set of Standard Operating Procedures for common leach schemes; (2) publish a manuscript of comparative results for the leach schemes investigated; and (3) assess aerosol TE solubility data produced in the last 20-30 years to inform modellers on how to choose the optimal data for model validation and constraint.
   
   
3. Utilise the available data for other aerosol trace elements and aerosol chemical composition to advance our understanding of the solubility of Fe and other biogeochemically-important elements. A synthesis paper of the relationship between aerosol TE concentrations and fractional solubility will be published.
   
   
4. Bring together the observational and modelling communities to capitalise on the progress made from ToRs 1-3 to identify ways in which current numerical models can improve their handling of Fe, including impacts beyond ocean biogeochemistry. Address differences between laboratory and model solubilisation schemes, linking to their environmental relevance. Initiate transdisciplinary discussion to identify which micronutrients most require study next and publish the related guidance.

Approved: October 2022

Financial Sponsors: SCOR

Upcoming event: tbc

Website: https://scor-int.org/group/reducing-uncertainty-in-soluble-aerosol-trace-element-deposition-rusted/

Chairs: Martí Galí (Spain), Daniela del Valle (Argentina)

Other Full Members: Steve Archer (USA), José González (Spain), Hakase Hayashida (Japan), Franceas Hopkins (UK), Sohiko Kameyama (Japan), Erin McParland (USA), Jacqueline Stefels (Netherlands), Marcos Zárate (Argentina)

Associate Members: Hermann Bange (Germany), Eva Bucciarelli (France), Elisabeth Deschaseaux (Australia), Ki-Tae Park (South Korea), Damodar Shenoy (India), Jon Todd (UK), Philippe Tortell (Canada), Lenny Winkel (Switzerland), Gui-Peng Yang (China), Miming Zhang (China)

Terms of Reference

1. To develop community consensus on the measurement of MSC cycling rates, evaluate the suitability of available methods, and recommend standard operating practices (SOP).
   
   
2. To compile a comprehensive database of MSC cycling rates in the ocean and to freely disseminate the database and related documentation according to the FAIR (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reusability) principles.
   
   
3. To develop a framework for the quality assessment and control, standardization, and curation of MSC cycling datasets.
   
   
4. To analyze and summarize the patterns of MSC cycling rates in the global ocean in relation to their abiotic and biotic environment.
   
   
5. To provide expert guidance on the use of the MSC cycling database for model development and evaluation.
   
   
6. To improve the coordination between measurements of MSC cycling rates and stocks, and foster interdisciplinary research by relating these to other biogeochemical variables and molecular and ‘omics data.
   
   
7. To establish an international community of practice focused on research, capacity development, and oceanographic multidisciplinary collaboration in the topic of oceanic S cycle.

Approved: October 2022

Financial Sponsors: SCOR

Upcoming event: tbc

Website: https://scor-int.org/group/developing-resources-for-the-study-of-methylated-sulfur-compound-cycling-processes-in-the-ocean-dms-pro/

Chairs: Nadja Steiner (Canada) and Megan Willis (USA)

Other Full Members: Thorsten Bartels-Rausch (Switzerland), Odile Crabeck (Belgium), Markus Frey (UK), Hakase Hayashida (Australia), Anoop S. Mahajan (India), Daiki Nomura (Japan), Jennie Thomas (France), Liyang Zhan (China)

Associate Members: Jessie Creamean (USA), Srishti Dasarathy (USA), Bruno Delille (Belgium), Inge Deschepper (Canada), Francois Fripiat (Belgium), Sakiko Ishino (Japan), Hyung-Gyu Lim (USA/Korea), Louis Marelle (Norway/France), Klaus Meiners (Australia), Lisa Miller (Canada), Ilka Peeken (Germany), Jacqueline Stefels (Netherlands/Germany), Marcello Vichi (South Africa), Esty Willcox (Canada), Paul Zieger (Sweden)

Terms of Reference

1. To prioritize key coupled biological and chemical systems that drive atmospheric reactive trace gas, aerosol, and cloud properties in polar ocean environments. Synthesize expertise from ocean, sea-ice, snow, and atmospheric chemistry communities to provide a hierarchy of chemical species that reflect common overlapping science questions.
   
   
2. To identify similarities and differences in controls on exchange processes between the Arctic and Antarctic O-SI-S-A systems. Compare and contrast common sea-ice and snow properties at both poles. Use this polar ocean comparison to describe how sea-ice properties control exchange processes, and constrain projections of future changes.
   
   
3. To develop a conceptual model of exchange processes in O-SI-S-A systems, focusing on key reactive trace gas and aerosol species prioritized in O1. Conceptual model evolution will be based on existing observational and numerical expertise, and will reflect the impact of heterogeneity in sea-ice environments at present and under future climate change scenario.
   
   
4. To develop interdisciplinary campaign planning recommendations to guide future studies and address model and measurement gaps. Building on the conceptual model (O3), we will identify future needs in observations and model parameterisations, and outline requirements for fully integrated, multidisciplinary and collaborative O-SI-S-A field, laboratory, and modeling research.
   
   
5. To facilitate community and capacity building opportunities for sustainable multidisciplinary science at the O-SI-S-A interface. Engage scientifically emerging countries and early career scientists in both observational and modeling communities.

Approved: October 2021

Financial Sponsors: SCOR

Upcoming event: tbc

Website: https://scor-int.org/group/coupling-of-ocean-ice-atmosphere-processes-from-sea-ice-biogeochemistry-to-aerosols-and-clouds-cice2clouds/

Chairs: Meghan Cronin (USA), Sebastiaan Swart (Sweden)

Other Full Members: Nadia Pinardi (Italy), R. Venkatesan (India), Phil Browne (UK), Warren Joubert (South Africa), Ute Schuster (UK), Christa Marandino (Germany), Shuangling Chen (China), Clarissa Anderson (USA)

Associate Members: Jim Edson (USA), Zhaohui Chen (China), Juliet Hermes (South Africa), Fabrice Ardhuin (France), Oscar Alves (Australia), Hiroyuki Tomita (Japan)

Terms of Reference

1. Harmonize the recommendations from the OceanObs’19 CWPs into a unified Observing Air-Sea Interaction Strategy (OASIS) by identifying and ranking overlaps and resolving apparent contradictions, focusing on global air-sea exchanges of heat, moisture, momentum, important greenhouse gasses, biogenic trace gasses, and the multidisciplinary boundary layer variables associated with these air-sea exchanges.
   
   
2. Produce a capacity building strategy that enables developing nations (including least developed nations and island nations) to actively participate in and benefit from local-to-global air-sea interaction observations. This will involve a training strategy, as well as identification of opportunities for leveraging contributions by new partners.
   
   
3. Develop and assess network designs that optimize air-sea interaction observations,  following the Framework for Ocean Observations, in coordination with OceanPredict, and other working groups focused on optimizing network design.
   
   
4. Develop a strategy for air-sea interaction process studies to address knowledge gaps;  to improve model and satellite representation of Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs), Essential Climate Variables (ECVs), and Essential Biological Variables (EBVs) associated with air-sea interaction processes; and to develop parameterizations to relate variables that are difficult to measure with variables that can be broadly observed.
   
   
5. Develop a strategy for assessing interoperability of surface observing platforms. This will include intercomparisons of EOV, ECV, and EBVs observed from different platforms; development of best practices; and development of procedures to increase Technical Readiness Levels and expand technology solutions.
   
   
6. Build community and capacity for using, operating, and developing air-sea interaction observational platforms that allow collaborative partnerships with existing national and international air-sea interaction working groups and observational coordination groups.
   
   

Approved: October 2020

Financial Sponsors: SCOR, NSF

OASIS was endorsed by the UN Ocean Decade, see here

Upcoming event: tbc

Website: https://airseaobs.org

Co-chairs: Ivonne Montes (Peru) and Ruben Escribano (Chile)

Other Full Members: Francisco Chavez (USA), Enrique Curchitser (USA), Boris Dewitte (France), Sara Fawcett (South Africa), Salvador Lluch-Cota (Mexico), Baye Cheikh Mbaye (Senegal), Andreas Oschlies (Germany), and Parv Suntharalingam (UK)

Associate Members: Edward Allison (USA), Javier Aristegui (Spain), Xavier Capet (France), Ming Feng (Australia), Iris Kriest (Germany), Eric Machu (France), Ryan Rykaczewski (PICES, USA), Lynne Shannon (South Africa), Damodar Shenoy (India), and Beatriz Yanicelli (Chile)

The SCOR Working Group 155 is focused on reviewing the existing knowledge on EBUS and formulate a strategic recommendation white paper for setting up regional observational systems and climate modeling approaches to monitor and understand physical and biogeochemical ocean-atmosphere processes. These observational systems will be instrumental in improving the performance and reliability of climate models in these socio-economically relevant regions of the world ocean.

Approved: September 2017

Financial Sponsors: SCOR, NSF, PICES

Upcoming event: Open Science Conference September 5 - 10, 2021 Venue: Lima, Perú (Conference website)

Website: https://scah.igp.gob.pe/scor-working-group-155

Chairs: Stefano Aliani (Italy)

Vice-Chairs: Nikolai Maximenko (USA), Kara Lavender Law (USA), and Erik van Sebille (Netherlands)

Other Full Members: Bertrand Chapron (France), Irina Chubarenko (Russia), Atsuhiko Isobe (Japan), Victor Martinez-Vicente (UK), Peter Ryan (South Africa), Won Joon Shim (South Korea), and Martin Thiel (Chile)

Associate Members: Melanie Bergmann (Germany), Yi Chao (USA), Baylor Fox-Kemper (USA), Denise Hardesty (Australia), Tobias Kukulka (USA), Laurent Lebreton (New Zealand), Christophe Maes (France), and Miguel Morales Maqueda (UK)

Terms of Reference

1. Identify gaps in our knowledge of the near-surface ocean dynamics that may affect litter distribution and transport.
2. Improve future marine litter modelling capabilities.
3. Evaluate existing and emerging remote sensing technologies that can be applied to marine litter in the open ocean.
4. Improve awareness of the scientific understanding of marine debris, based on better observations and modelling results.

Approved: September 2017

Financial Sponsors: SCOR, NSF

Website: http://scor-flotsam.it/

Co-chairs: Daiki Nomura (Japan), François Fripiat (Belgium) and Brent Else (Canada)

Other Full Members: Bruno Delille (Belgium), Mar Fernandez-Méndez (Norway), Lisa Miller (Canada), Ilka Peeken (Germany), Janne Markus Rintala (Finland), Maria van Leeuwe (Netherlands), and Fan Zhang (China-Beijing).

Associate Members: Katarina Abrahamsson (Sweden), Jeff Bowman (USA), James France (UK), Agneta Fransson (Norway), Delphine Lannuzel (Australia), Brice Loose (USA), Klaus Meiners (Australia), Christopher J. Mundy (Canada), Hyoung Chul Shin (Korea), Jean-Louis Tison (Belgium), and Marcello Vichi (South Africa)

Terms of Reference

1. Publish synthetic reviews compiled from measurements demonstrating large, unresolved discrepancies, with a special emphasis on primary production, gas concentrations and fluxes. These detailed reviews will draw on both the literature and unpublished studies to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses related to each methodology.
2. Design and coordinate intercalibration experiments to evaluate different methods for key parameters. In addition to organizing field experiments, we will pursue use of ice tank facilities and stimulate and support applications for funding, at both national and international levels, to further facilitate the experiments. If successful, manuscripts will be written and the outcomes will be presented in the guide of best practice to support the recommendations.
3. Design intercomparison studies to facilitate validation and adoption of new technologies for assessing the complexity and heterogeneity of sea ice at various spatial and temporal scales.
4. Create a guide of best practices for biological and biogeochemical studies in the sea-ice environment. This will be accomplished using a web-based forum for compiling and disseminating the outcomes of past and new intercomparison studies.

Approved: September 2016

Financial Sponsors: SCOR, NSF

Website: https://sites.google.com/view/ecv-ice/

Co-chairs: Alessandro Tagliabue (UK) and Stephanie Dutkiewicz (USA)

Other Full Members: Tatiana Ilyina (Germany), Kazuhiro Misumi (Japan), Fanny Monteiro (UK), J. Keith Moore (USA), Yeala Shaked (Israel), Marcello Vichi (South Africa), Christoph Völker (Germany), Mustafa Yücel (Turkey)

Associate Members: Olivier Aumont (France), Alex Baker (UK), Philip Boyd (Australia), Fei Chai (China-Beijing), Peter Croot (Ireland), Christel Hassler (Switzerland), Eun Young Kwon (Korea), Jun Nishioka (Japan), Maite Maldonado (Canada), Mark Moore (UK), Andy Ridgwell (USA), Benjamin Twining (USA)

Terms of Reference

1. To identify best practices for minimum complexity representations of the iron cycle in models , with options given for more advanced aspects, and publish the guidance in a peer-reviewed paper.
2. To develop tools for a wide variety of platforms to validate global model results in a standardised way and make these available via a peer-reviewed publication and a website.
3. To facilitate a focussed intercomparison of iron models to constrain the impact of varying residence times and a consensus dust deposition scheme and publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal.
4. To review how to represent biological interactions in the iron cycle, the linkages to key phytoplankton species and the interactions with zooplankton and bacteria, as well as broader connections with other biogeochemical cycles and publish the results in a peer-reviewed journal.

Approved: September 2016

Financial Sponsors: SCOR, NSF

Website: https://scor-int.org/group/151/